GSTDTAP  > 地球科学
DOI10.5194/acp-17-12475-2017
Sub-micrometer refractory carbonaceous particles in the polar stratosphere
Schuetze, Katharina1,2; Wilson, James Charles3; Weinbruch, Stephan1; Benker, Nathalie1; Ebert, Martin1; Guenther, Gebhard4; Weigel, Ralf2; Borrmann, Stephan2,5
2017-10-19
发表期刊ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
ISSN1680-7316
EISSN1680-7324
出版年2017
卷号17期号:20
文章类型Article
语种英语
国家Germany; USA
英文摘要

Eleven particle samples collected in the polar stratosphere during SOLVE (SAGE III Ozone loss and validation experiment) from January until March 2000 were characterized in detail by high-resolution transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. A total of 4202 particles (TEM = 3872; SEM = 330) were analyzed from these samples, which were collected mostly inside the polar vortex in the altitude range between 17.3 and 19.9 km. Particles that were volatile in the microscope beams contained ammonium sulfates and hydrogen sulfates and dominated the samples. Some particles with diameters ranging from 20 to 830 nm were refractory in the electron beams. Carbonaceous particles containing additional elements to C and O comprised from 72 to 100% of the refractory particles. The rest were internal mixtures of these materials with sulfates. The median number mixing ratio of the refractory particles, expressed in units of particles per milligram of air, was 1.1 (mg air)(-1) and varied between 0.65 and 2.3 (mg air)(-1).


Most of the refractory carbonaceous particles are completely amorphous, a few of the particles are partly ordered with a graphene sheet separation distance of 0.37 +/- 0.06 nm (mean value +/- standard deviation). Carbon and oxygen are the only detected major elements with an atomic O/C ratio of 0.11 +/- 0.07. Minor elements observed include Si, S, Fe, Cr and Ni with the following atomic ratios relative to C: Si/C: 0.010 +/- 0.011; S = C: 0.0007 +/- 0.0015; Fe/C: 0.0052 +/- 0.0074; Cr = C: 0.0012 +/- 0.0017; Ni/C: 0.0006 +/- 0.0011 (all mean values +/- standard deviation).


High-resolution element distribution images reveal that the minor elements are distributed within the carbonaceous matrix; i.e., heterogeneous inclusions are not observed. No difference in size, nanostructure and elemental composition was found between particles collected inside and outside the polar vortex.


Based on chemistry and nanostructure, aircraft exhaust, volcanic emissions and biomass burning can certainly be excluded as sources. The same is true for the less probable but globally important sources: wood burning, coal burning, diesel engines and ship emissions.


Recondensed organic matter and extraterrestrial particles, potentially originating from ablation and fragmentation, remain as possible sources of the refractory carbonaceous particles studied. However, additional work is required in order to identify the sources unequivocally.


领域地球科学
收录类别SCI-E
WOS记录号WOS:000413242700002
WOS关键词TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY ; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS ; FOREST-FIRE SMOKE ; AEROSOL-PARTICLES ; UPPER TROPOSPHERE ; SULFURIC-ACID ; INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES ; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION ; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS ; PARTICULATE MATTER
WOS类目Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS研究方向Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
引用统计
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/31103
专题地球科学
作者单位1.Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Angew Geowissensch, Darmstadt, Germany;
2.Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Mainz, Germany;
3.Univ Denver, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA;
4.Res Ctr Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res IEK 7, Julich, Germany;
5.Max Planck Inst Chem, Partikelchem, Mainz, Germany
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Schuetze, Katharina,Wilson, James Charles,Weinbruch, Stephan,et al. Sub-micrometer refractory carbonaceous particles in the polar stratosphere[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2017,17(20).
APA Schuetze, Katharina.,Wilson, James Charles.,Weinbruch, Stephan.,Benker, Nathalie.,Ebert, Martin.,...&Borrmann, Stephan.(2017).Sub-micrometer refractory carbonaceous particles in the polar stratosphere.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,17(20).
MLA Schuetze, Katharina,et al."Sub-micrometer refractory carbonaceous particles in the polar stratosphere".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 17.20(2017).
条目包含的文件
条目无相关文件。
个性服务
推荐该条目
保存到收藏夹
查看访问统计
导出为Endnote文件
谷歌学术
谷歌学术中相似的文章
[Schuetze, Katharina]的文章
[Wilson, James Charles]的文章
[Weinbruch, Stephan]的文章
百度学术
百度学术中相似的文章
[Schuetze, Katharina]的文章
[Wilson, James Charles]的文章
[Weinbruch, Stephan]的文章
必应学术
必应学术中相似的文章
[Schuetze, Katharina]的文章
[Wilson, James Charles]的文章
[Weinbruch, Stephan]的文章
相关权益政策
暂无数据
收藏/分享
所有评论 (0)
暂无评论
 

除非特别说明,本系统中所有内容都受版权保护,并保留所有权利。