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DOI | 10.1002/2016JD026206 |
Constraints to do realistic modeling of the electric field ahead of the tip of a lightning leader | |
Skeltved, Alexander Broberg1; Ostgaard, Nikolai1; Mezentsev, Andrew1; Lehtinen, Nikolai1; Carlson, Brant1,2 | |
2017-08-16 | |
发表期刊 | JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES |
ISSN | 2169-897X |
EISSN | 2169-8996 |
出版年 | 2017 |
卷号 | 122期号:15 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Norway; USA |
英文摘要 | Several computer models exist to explain the observation of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs). Some of these models estimate the electric field ahead of lightning leaders and its effects on electron acceleration and multiplication. In this paper, we derive a new set of constraints to do more realistic modeling. We determine initial conditions based on in situ measurements of electric field and vertical separation between the main charge layers of thunderclouds. A maximum electric field strength of 50kV/cm at sea level is introduced as the upper constraint for the leader electric field. The threshold for electron avalanches to develop of 2.86kV/cm at sea level is introduced as the lower value. With these constraints, we determine a region where acceleration and multiplication of electrons occur. The maximum potential difference in this region is found to be approximate to 52MV, and the corresponding number of avalanche multiplication lengths is approximate to 3.5. We then quantify the effect of the ambient electric field compared to the leader field at the upper altitude of the negative tip. Finally, we argue that only leaders with the highest potential difference between its tips (approximate to 600MV) can be candidates for the production of TGFs. However, with the assumptions we have used, these cannot explain the observed maximum energies of at least 40MeV. Open questions with regard to the temporal development of the streamer zone and its effect on the shape of the electric field remain. |
英文关键词 | TGF leader electric field energetic electron high-energy atmospheric physics |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000408349500026 |
WOS关键词 | GAMMA-RAY FLASHES ; RUNAWAY BREAKDOWN ; DISCHARGES ; THUNDERSTORMS |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/32252 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ Bergen, Birkeland Ctr Space Sci, Inst Phys & Technol, Bergen, Norway; 2.Carthage Coll, Phys & Astron, Kenosha, WI USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Skeltved, Alexander Broberg,Ostgaard, Nikolai,Mezentsev, Andrew,et al. Constraints to do realistic modeling of the electric field ahead of the tip of a lightning leader[J]. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,2017,122(15). |
APA | Skeltved, Alexander Broberg,Ostgaard, Nikolai,Mezentsev, Andrew,Lehtinen, Nikolai,&Carlson, Brant.(2017).Constraints to do realistic modeling of the electric field ahead of the tip of a lightning leader.JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,122(15). |
MLA | Skeltved, Alexander Broberg,et al."Constraints to do realistic modeling of the electric field ahead of the tip of a lightning leader".JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 122.15(2017). |
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