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DOI | 10.1029/2018JD028356 |
A Modeling Study on the Sensitivities of Atmospheric Charge Separation According to the Relative Diffusional Growth Rate Theory to Nonspherical Hydrometeors and Cloud Microphysics | |
Glassmeier, F.1; Arnold, L.1; Dietlicher, R.1; Paukert, M.2; Lohmann, U.1 | |
2018-11-16 | |
发表期刊 | JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES |
ISSN | 2169-897X |
EISSN | 2169-8996 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 123期号:21页码:12236-12252 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Switzerland; Germany |
英文摘要 | Collisional charge transfer between graupel and ice crystals in the presence of cloud droplets is considered the dominant mechanism for charge separation in thunderclouds. According to the relative diffusional growth rate (RDGR) theory, the hydrometeor with the faster diffusional radius growth is charged positively in such collisions. We explore sensitivities of the RDGR theory to nonspherical hydrometeors and six parameters (pressure, temperature, liquid water content, sizes of ice crystals, graupel, and cloud droplets). Idealized simulations of a thundercloud with two-moment cloud microphysics provide a realistic sampling of the parameter space. Nonsphericity and anisotropic diffusional growth strongly control the extent of positive graupel charging. We suggest a tuning parameter to account for anisotropic effects not represented in bulk microphysics schemes. In a susceptibility analysis that uses automated differentiation, we identify ice crystal size as most important RDGR parameter, followed by graupel size. Simulated average ice crystal size varies with temperature due to ice multiplication and heterogeneous freezing of droplets. Cloud microphysics and ice crystal size thus indirectly determine the structure of charge reversal lines in the traditional temperature-water-content representation. Accounting for the variability of ice crystal size and potentially habit with temperature may help to explain laboratory results and seems crucial for RDGR parameterizations in numerical models. We find that the contribution of local water vapor from evaporating rime droplets to diffusional graupel growth is only important for high effective water content. In this regime, droplet size and pressure are the dominant RDGR parameters. Otherwise, the effect of local graupel growth is masked by small ice crystal sizes that result from ice multiplication. |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000452001400027 |
WOS关键词 | MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS ; ICE CRYSTALS ; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION ; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS ; INDIVIDUAL COLLISIONS ; DROPLET CONCENTRATION ; ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE ; MASS-TRANSFER ; SOFT-HAIL ; MECHANISM |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/32326 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland; 2.Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Aerosol Res, Karlsruhe, Germany |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Glassmeier, F.,Arnold, L.,Dietlicher, R.,et al. A Modeling Study on the Sensitivities of Atmospheric Charge Separation According to the Relative Diffusional Growth Rate Theory to Nonspherical Hydrometeors and Cloud Microphysics[J]. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,2018,123(21):12236-12252. |
APA | Glassmeier, F.,Arnold, L.,Dietlicher, R.,Paukert, M.,&Lohmann, U..(2018).A Modeling Study on the Sensitivities of Atmospheric Charge Separation According to the Relative Diffusional Growth Rate Theory to Nonspherical Hydrometeors and Cloud Microphysics.JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,123(21),12236-12252. |
MLA | Glassmeier, F.,et al."A Modeling Study on the Sensitivities of Atmospheric Charge Separation According to the Relative Diffusional Growth Rate Theory to Nonspherical Hydrometeors and Cloud Microphysics".JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 123.21(2018):12236-12252. |
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