Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
Quantum computers are expected to outperform conventional computers in several important applications, from molecular simulation to search algorithms, once they can be scaled up to large numbers-typically millions-of quantum bits (qubits)(1-3). For most solid-state qubit technologies-for example, those using superconducting circuits or semiconductor spins-scaling poses a considerable challenge because every additional qubit increases the heat generated, whereas the cooling power of dilution refrigerators is severely limited at their operating temperature (less than 100 millikelvin)(4-6). Here we demonstrate the operation of a scalable silicon quantum processor unit cell comprising two qubits confined to quantum dots at about 1.5 kelvin. We achieve this by isolating the quantum dots from the electron reservoir, and then initializing and reading the qubits solely via tunnelling of electrons between the two quantum dots(7-9). We coherently control the qubits using electrically driven spin resonance(10,11) in isotopically enriched silicon(12 28)Si, attaining single-qubit gate fidelities of 98.6 per cent and a coherence time of 2 microseconds during '
