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Persistently well-ventilated intermediate-depth ocean through the last deglaciation 期刊论文
Nature, 2020
作者:  Tianyu Chen;  Laura F. Robinson;  Andrea Burke;  Louis Claxton;  Mathis P. Hain;  Tao Li;  James W. B. Rae;  Joseph Stewart;  Timothy D. J. Knowles;  Daniel J. Fornari;  Karen S. Harpp
收藏  |  浏览/下载:13/0  |  提交时间:2020/10/20
Radiation-Induced Condensational Growth and Cooling of Cloud-Sized Mist Droplets 期刊论文
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2020
作者:  Brewster, M. Q.;  Li, X.;  Roman, K. K.;  McNichols, E. O.;  Rood, M. J.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:0/0  |  提交时间:2020/10/12
Distinct formation history for deep-mantle domains reflected in geochemical differences 期刊论文
NATURE GEOSCIENCE, 2020, 13 (7) : 511-+
作者:  Doucet, Luc S.;  Li, Zheng-Xiang;  Gamal El Dien, Hamed;  Pourteau, Amaury;  Murphy, J. Brendan;  Collins, William J.;  Mattielli, Nadine;  Olierook, Hugo K. H.;  Spencer, Christopher J.;  Mitchell, Ross N.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:6/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/06
Mutations that prevent caspase cleavage of RIPK1 cause autoinflammatory disease 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7788) : 103-+
作者:  Lalaoui, Najoua;  Boyden, Steven E.;  Oda, Hirotsugu;  Wood, Geryl M.;  Stone, Deborah L.;  Chau, Diep;  Liu, Lin;  Stoffels, Monique;  Kratina, Tobias;  Lawlor, Kate E.;  Zaal, Kristien J. M.;  Hoffmann, Patrycja M.;  Etemadi, Nima;  Shield-Artin, Kristy;  Biben, Christine;  Tsai, Wanxia Li;  Blake, Mary D.;  Kuehn, Hye Sun;  Yang, Dan;  Anderton, Holly;  Silke, Natasha;  Wachsmuth, Laurens;  Zheng, Lixin;  Moura, Natalia Sampaio;  Beck, David B.;  Gutierrez-Cruz, Gustavo;  Ombrello, Amanda K.;  Pinto-Patarroyo, Gineth P.;  Kueh, Andrew J.;  Herold, Marco J.;  Hall, Cathrine;  Wang, Hongying;  Chae, Jae Jin;  Dmitrieva, Natalia I.;  McKenzie, Mark;  Light, Amanda;  Barham, Beverly K.;  Jones, Anne;  Romeo, Tina M.;  Zhou, Qing;  Aksentijevich, Ivona;  Mullikin, James C.;  Gross, Andrew J.;  Shum, Anthony K.;  Hawkins, Edwin D.;  Masters, Seth L.;  Lenardo, Michael J.;  Boehm, Manfred;  Rosenzweig, Sergio D.;  Pasparakis, Manolis;  Voss, Anne K.;  Gadina, Massimo;  Kastner, Daniel L.;  Silke, John
收藏  |  浏览/下载:24/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

RIPK1 is a key regulator of innate immune signalling pathways. To ensure an optimal inflammatory response, RIPK1 is regulated post-translationally by well-characterized ubiquitylation and phosphorylation events, as well as by caspase-8-mediated cleavage1-7. The physiological relevance of this cleavage event remains unclear, although it is thought to inhibit activation of RIPK3 and necroptosis8. Here we show that the heterozygous missense mutations D324N, D324H and D324Y prevent caspase cleavage of RIPK1 in humans and result in an early-onset periodic fever syndrome and severe intermittent lymphadenopathy-a condition we term '  cleavage-resistant RIPK1-induced autoinflammatory syndrome'  . To define the mechanism for this disease, we generated a cleavage-resistant Ripk1(D325A) mutant mouse strain. Whereas Ripk1(-/-) mice died postnatally from systemic inflammation, Ripk1(D325A/D325A) mice died during embryogenesis. Embryonic lethality was completely prevented by the combined loss of Casp8 and Ripk3, but not by loss of Ripk3 or Mlkl alone. Loss of RIPK1 kinase activity also prevented Ripk1(D325A/D325A) embryonic lethality, although the mice died before weaning from multi-organ inflammation in a RIPK3-dependent manner. Consistently, Ripk1(D325A/D325A) and Ripk1(D325A/+) cells were hypersensitive to RIPK3-dependent TNF-induced apoptosis and necroptosis. Heterozygous Ripk1(D325A/+) mice were viable and grossly normal, but were hyper-responsive to inflammatory stimuli in vivo. Our results demonstrate the importance of caspase-mediated RIPK1 cleavage during embryonic development and show that caspase cleavage of RIPK1 not only inhibits necroptosis but also maintains inflammatory homeostasis throughout life.


  
A dominant autoinflammatory disease caused by non-cleavable variants of RIPK1 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7788) : 109-+
作者:  Tao, Panfeng;  Sun, Jinqiao;  Wu, Zheming;  Wang, Shihao;  Wang, Jun;  Li, Wanjin;  Pan, Heling;  Bai, Renkui;  Zhang, Jiahui;  Wang, Ying;  Lee, Pui Y.;  Ying, Wenjing;  Zhou, Qinhua;  Hou, Jia;  Wang, Wenjie;  Sun, Bijun;  Yang, Mi;  Liu, Danru;  Fang, Ran;  Han, Huan;  Yang, Zhaohui;  Huang, Xin;  Li, Haibo;  Deuitch, Natalie;  Zhang, Yuan;  Dissanayake, Dilan;  Haude, Katrina;  McWalter, Kirsty;  Roadhouse, Chelsea;  MacKenzie, Jennifer J.;  Laxer, Ronald M.;  Aksentijevich, Ivona;  Yu, Xiaomin;  Wang, Xiaochuan;  Yuan, Junying;  Zhou, Qing
收藏  |  浏览/下载:26/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Activation of RIPK1 controls TNF-mediated apoptosis, necroptosis and inflammatory pathways(1). Cleavage of human and mouse RIPK1 after residues D324 and D325, respectively, by caspase-8 separates the RIPK1 kinase domain from the intermediate and death domains. The D325A mutation in mouse RIPK1 leads to embryonic lethality during mouse development(2,3). However, the functional importance of blocking caspase-8-mediated cleavage of RIPK1 on RIPK1 activation in humans is unknown. Here we identify two families with variants in RIPK1 (D324V and D324H) that lead to distinct symptoms of recurrent fevers and lymphadenopathy in an autosomaldominant manner. Impaired cleavage of RIPK1 D324 variants by caspase-8 sensitized patients'  peripheral blood mononuclear cells to RIPK1 activation, apoptosis and necroptosis induced by TNF. The patients showed strong RIPK1-dependent activation of inflammatory signalling pathways and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared with unaffected controls. Furthermore, we show that expression of the RIPK1 mutants D325V or D325H in mouse embryonic fibroblasts confers not only increased sensitivity to RIPK1 activation-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis, but also induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF. By contrast, patient-derived fibroblasts showed reduced expression of RIPK1 and downregulated production of reactive oxygen species, resulting in resistance to necroptosis and ferroptosis. Together, these data suggest that human non-cleavable RIPK1 variants promote activation of RIPK1, and lead to an autoinflammatory disease characterized by hypersensitivity to apoptosis and necroptosis and increased inflammatory response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as a compensatory mechanism to protect against several pro-death stimuli in fibroblasts.


  
Monumental architecture at Aguada Fenix and the rise of Maya civilization 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020
作者:  Bedding, Timothy R.;  Murphy, Simon J.;  Hey, Daniel R.;  Huber, Daniel;  Li, Tanda;  Smalley, Barry;  Stello, Dennis;  White, Timothy R.;  Ball, Warrick H.;  Chaplin, William J.;  Colman, Isabel L.;  Fuller, Jim;  Gaidos, Eric;  Harbeck, Daniel R.;  Hermes, J. J.;  Holdsworth, Daniel L.;  Li, Gang;  Li, Yaguang;  Mann, Andrew W.;  Reese, Daniel R.;  Sekaran, Sanjay;  Yu, Jie;  Antoci, Victoria;  Bergmann, Christoph;  Brown, Timothy M.;  Howard, Andrew W.;  Ireland, Michael J.;  Isaacson, Howard;  Jenkins, Jon M.;  Kjeldsen, Hans;  McCully, Curtis;  Rabus, Markus;  Rains, Adam D.;  Ricker, George R.;  Tinney, Christopher G.;  Vanderspek, Roland K.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:30/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Archaeologists have traditionally thought that the development of Maya civilization was gradual, assuming that small villages began to emerge during the Middle Preclassic period (1000-350 bc  dates are calibrated throughout) along with the use of ceramics and the adoption of sedentism(1). Recent finds of early ceremonial complexes are beginning to challenge this model. Here we describe an airborne lidar survey and excavations of the previously unknown site of Aguada Fenix (Tabasco, Mexico) with an artificial plateau, which measures 1,400 m in length and 10 to 15 m in height and has 9 causeways radiating out from it. We dated this construction to between 1000 and 800 bc using a Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. To our knowledge, this is the oldest monumental construction ever found in the Maya area and the largest in the entire pre-Hispanic history of the region. Although the site exhibits some similarities to the earlier Olmec centre of San Lorenzo, the community of Aguada Fenix probably did not have marked social inequality comparable to that of San Lorenzo. Aguada Fenix and other ceremonial complexes of the same period suggest the importance of communal work in the initial development of Maya civilization.


Lidar survey of the Maya lowlands uncovers the monumental site of Aguada Fenix, which dates to around 1000-800 bc and points to the role of communal construction in the development of Maya civilization.


  
Layered nanocomposites by shear-flow-induced alignment of nanosheets (vol 580, pg 210, 2020) 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 582 (7811) : E4-E4
作者:  Chen, Guorui;  Sharpe, Aaron L.;  Fox, Eli J.;  Zhang, Ya-Hui;  Wang, Shaoxin;  Jiang, Lili;  Lyu, Bosai;  Li, Hongyuan;  Watanabe, Kenji;  Taniguchi, Takashi;  Shi, Zhiwen;  Senthil, T.;  Goldhaber-Gordon, David;  Zhang, Yuanbo;  Wang, Feng
收藏  |  浏览/下载:31/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03
The CDK inhibitor CR8 acts as a molecular glue degrader that depletes cyclin K 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020
作者:  Chen, Guorui;  Sharpe, Aaron L.;  Fox, Eli J.;  Zhang, Ya-Hui;  Wang, Shaoxin;  Jiang, Lili;  Lyu, Bosai;  Li, Hongyuan;  Watanabe, Kenji;  Taniguchi, Takashi;  Shi, Zhiwen;  Senthil, T.;  Goldhaber-Gordon, David;  Zhang, Yuanbo;  Wang, Feng
收藏  |  浏览/下载:44/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CR8 acts as a molecular glue compound by inducing the formation of a complex between CDK12-cyclin K and DDB1, which results in the ubiquitination and degradation of cyclin K.


Molecular glue compounds induce protein-protein interactions that, in the context of a ubiquitin ligase, lead to protein degradation(1). Unlike traditional enzyme inhibitors, these molecular glue degraders act substoichiometrically to catalyse the rapid depletion of previously inaccessible targets(2). They are clinically effective and highly sought-after, but have thus far only been discovered serendipitously. Here, through systematically mining databases for correlations between the cytotoxicity of 4,518 clinical and preclinical small molecules and the expression levels of E3 ligase components across hundreds of human cancer cell lines(3-5), we identify CR8-a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor(6)-as a compound that acts as a molecular glue degrader. The CDK-bound form of CR8 has a solvent-exposed pyridyl moiety that induces the formation of a complex between CDK12-cyclin K and the CUL4 adaptor protein DDB1, bypassing the requirement for a substrate receptor and presenting cyclin K for ubiquitination and degradation. Our studies demonstrate that chemical alteration of surface-exposed moieties can confer gain-of-function glue properties to an inhibitor, and we propose this as a broader strategy through which target-binding molecules could be converted into molecular glues.


  
Rapid reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 using a synthetic genomics platform 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020
作者:  Touat, Mehdi;  Li, Yvonne Y.;  Boynton, Adam N.;  Spurr, Liam F.;  Iorgulescu, J. Bryan;  Bohrson, Craig L.;  Cortes-Ciriano, Isidro;  Birzu, Cristina;  Geduldig, Jack E.;  Pelton, Kristine;  Lim-Fat, Mary Jane;  Pal, Sangita;  Ferrer-Luna, Ruben;  Ramkissoon, Shakti H.;  Dubois, Frank;  Bellamy, Charlotte;  Currimjee, Naomi;  Bonardi, Juliana;  Qian Kenin;  Ho, Patricia;  Malinowski, Seth;  Taquet, Leon;  Jones, Robert E.;  Shetty, Aniket;  Chow, Kin-Hoe;  Sharaf, Radwa;  Pavlick, Dean;  Albacker, Lee A.;  Younan, Nadia;  Baldini, Capucine;  Verreault, Maite;  Giry, Marine;  Guillerm, Erell;  Ammari, Samy;  Beuvon, Frederic;  Mokhtari, Karima;  Alentorn, Agusti;  Dehais, Caroline;  Houillier, Caroline;  Laigle-Donadey, Florence;  Psimaras, Dimitri;  Lee, Eudocia Q.;  Nayak, Lakshmi;  McFaline-Figueroa, J. Ricardo;  Carpentier, Alexandre;  Cornu, Philippe;  Capelle, Laurent;  Mathon, Bertrand;  Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill S.;  Chakravarti, Arnab;  Bi, Wenya Linda;  Chiocca, E. Antonio;  Fehnel, Katie Pricola;  Alexandrescu, Sanda;  Chi, Susan N.;  Haas-Kogan, Daphne;  Batchelor, Tracy T.;  Frampton, Garrett M.;  Alexander, Brian M.;  Huang, Raymond Y.;  Ligon, Azra H.;  Coulet, Florence;  Delattre, Jean-Yves;  Hoang-Xuan, Khe;  Meredith, David M.;  Santagata, Sandro;  Duval, Alex;  Sanson, Marc;  Cherniack, Andrew D.;  Wen, Patrick Y.;  Reardon, David A.;  Marabelle, Aurelien;  Park, Peter J.;  Idbaih, Ahmed;  Beroukhim, Rameen;  Bandopadhayay, Pratiti;  Bielle, Franck;  Ligon, Keith L.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:11/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Reverse genetics has been an indispensable tool to gain insights into viral pathogenesis and vaccine development. The genomes of large RNA viruses, such as those from coronaviruses, are cumbersome to clone and manipulate inEscherichia coliowing to the size and occasional instability of the genome(1-3). Therefore, an alternative rapid and robust reverse-genetics platform for RNA viruses would benefit the research community. Here we show the full functionality of a yeast-based synthetic genomics platform to genetically reconstruct diverse RNA viruses, including members of theCoronaviridae,FlaviviridaeandPneumoviridaefamilies. Viral subgenomic fragments were generated using viral isolates, cloned viral DNA, clinical samples or synthetic DNA, and these fragments were then reassembled in one step inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeusing transformation-associated recombination cloning to maintain the genome as a yeast artificial chromosome. T7 RNA polymerase was then used to generate infectious RNA to rescue viable virus. Using this platform, we were able to engineer and generate chemically synthesized clones of the virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)(4), which has caused the recent pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in only a week after receipt of the synthetic DNA fragments. The technical advance that we describe here facilitates rapid responses to emerging viruses as it enables the real-time generation and functional characterization of evolving RNA virus variants during an outbreak.


A yeast-based synthetic genomics platform is used to reconstruct and characterize large RNA viruses from synthetic DNA fragments  this technique will facilitate the rapid analysis of RNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, during an outbreak.


  
Origin of complexity in haemoglobin evolution 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020
作者:  Cheema, Suraj S.;  Kwon, Daewoong;  Shanker, Nirmaan;  dos Reis, Roberto;  Hsu, Shang-Lin;  Xiao, Jun;  Zhang, Haigang;  Wagner, Ryan;  Datar, Adhiraj;  McCarter, Margaret R.;  Serrao, Claudy R.;  Yadav, Ajay K.;  Karbasian, Golnaz;  Hsu, Cheng-Hsiang;  Tan, Ava J.;  Wang, Li-Chen;  Thakare, Vishal;  Zhang, Xiang;  Mehta, Apurva;  Karapetrova, Evguenia;  Chopdekar, Rajesh, V;  Shafer, Padraic;  Arenholz, Elke;  Hu, Chenming;  Proksch, Roger;  Ramesh, Ramamoorthy;  Ciston, Jim;  Salahuddin, Sayeef
收藏  |  浏览/下载:50/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Most proteins associate into multimeric complexes with specific architectures(1,2), which often have functional properties such as cooperative ligand binding or allosteric regulation(3). No detailed knowledge is available about how any multimer and its functions arose during evolution. Here we use ancestral protein reconstruction and biophysical assays to elucidate the origins of vertebrate haemoglobin, a heterotetramer of paralogous alpha- and beta-subunits that mediates respiratory oxygen transport and exchange by cooperatively binding oxygen with moderate affinity. We show that modern haemoglobin evolved from an ancient monomer and characterize the historical '  missing link'  through which the modern tetramer evolved-a noncooperative homodimer with high oxygen affinity that existed before the gene duplication that generated distinct alpha- and beta-subunits. Reintroducing just two post-duplication historical substitutions into the ancestral protein is sufficient to cause strong tetramerization by creating favourable contacts with more ancient residues on the opposing subunit. These surface substitutions markedly reduce oxygen affinity and even confer cooperativity, because an ancient linkage between the oxygen binding site and the multimerization interface was already an intrinsic feature of the protein'  s structure. Our findings establish that evolution can produce new complex molecular structures and functions via simple genetic mechanisms that recruit existing biophysical features into higher-level architectures.


Experimental analysis of reconstructed ancestral globins reveals that haemoglobin'  s complex tetrameric structure and oxygen-binding functions evolved by simple genetic and biophysical mechanisms.