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Extreme rainfall triggered the 2018 rift eruption at Kilauea Volcano 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7804) : 491-+
作者:  Cloutier, Richard;  Clement, Alice M.;  Lee, Michael S. Y.;  Noel, Roxanne;  Bechard, Isabelle;  Roy, Vincent;  Long, John A.
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The May 2018 rift intrusion and eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'  i, represented one of its most extraordinary eruptive sequences in at least 200 years, yet the trigger mechanism remains elusive(1). The event was preceded by several months of anomalously high precipitation. It has been proposed that rainfall can modulate shallow volcanic activity(2,3), but it remains unknown whether it can have impacts at the greater depths associated with magma transport. Here we show that immediately before and during the eruption, infiltration of rainfall into Kilauea Volcano'  s subsurface increased pore pressure at depths of 1 to 3 kilometres by 0.1 to 1 kilopascals, to its highest pressure in almost 50 years. We propose that weakening and mechanical failure of the edifice was driven by changes in pore pressure within the rift zone, prompting opportunistic dyke intrusion and ultimately facilitating the eruption. A precipitation-induced eruption trigger is consistent with the lack of precursory summit inflation, showing that this intrusion-unlike others-was not caused by the forceful intrusion of new magma into the rift zone. Moreover, statistical analysis of historic eruption occurrence suggests that rainfall patterns contribute substantially to the timing and frequency of Kilauea'  s eruptions and intrusions. Thus, volcanic activity can be modulated by extreme rainfall triggering edifice rock failure-a factor that should be considered when assessing volcanic hazards. Notably, the increasingly extreme weather patterns associated with ongoing anthropogenic climate change could increase the potential for rainfall-triggered volcanic phenomena worldwide.


Immediately before and during the eruption of Ki & x304  lauea Volcano in May 2018, anomalously high rainfall increased the pore pressure in the subsurface to its highest level in 50 years, causing weakening and mechanical failure of the edifice.


  
Evaluating 15 years of transport and environmental policy integration — TERM 2015: Transport indicators tracking progress towards environmental targets in Europe 科技报告
来源:European Environment Agency (EEA). 出版年: 2015
作者:  [null]
收藏  |  浏览/下载:28/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
transport emissions  transport indicators  impacts of transport  climate change mitigation  decarbonisation  long distance transport  
Land-use scenarios for Europe: Qualitative and quantitative analysis on a European scale (PRELUDE) 科技报告
来源:European Environment Agency (EEA). 出版年: 2007
作者:  [null]
收藏  |  浏览/下载:20/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
climate change impacts  farmland abandonment  demography  long-term perspective  quality of life  land use  housing  scenarios  urban environment  PRELUDE  transport  landscape change  land cover changes  land use changes