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Abrupt increase in harvested forest area over Europe after 2015 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 583 (7814) : 72-+
作者:  Guido Ceccherini;  Gregory Duveiller;  Giacomo Grassi;  Guido Lemoine;  Valerio Avitabile;  Roberto Pilli;  Alessandro Cescatti
收藏  |  浏览/下载:51/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/06

Fine-scale satellite data are used to quantify forest harvest rates in 26 European countries, finding an increase in harvested forest area of 49% and an increase in biomass loss of 69% between 2011-2015 and 2016-2018.


Forests provide a series of ecosystem services that are crucial to our society. In the European Union (EU), forests account for approximately 38% of the total land surface(1). These forests are important carbon sinks, and their conservation efforts are vital for the EU'  s vision of achieving climate neutrality by 2050(2). However, the increasing demand for forest services and products, driven by the bioeconomy, poses challenges for sustainable forest management. Here we use fine-scale satellite data to observe an increase in the harvested forest area (49 per cent) and an increase in biomass loss (69 per cent) over Europe for the period of 2016-2018 relative to 2011-2015, with large losses occurring on the Iberian Peninsula and in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Satellite imagery further reveals that the average patch size of harvested area increased by 34 per cent across Europe, with potential effects on biodiversity, soil erosion and water regulation. The increase in the rate of forest harvest is the result of the recent expansion of wood markets, as suggested by econometric indicators on forestry, wood-based bioenergy and international trade. If such a high rate of forest harvest continues, the post-2020 EU vision of forest-based climate mitigation may be hampered, and the additional carbon losses from forests would require extra emission reductions in other sectors in order to reach climate neutrality by 2050(3).


  
Global-scale human impact on delta morphology has led to net land area gain 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7791) : 514-+
作者:  Nienhuis, J. H.;  Ashton, A. D.;  Edmonds, D. A.;  Hoitink, A. J. F.;  Kettner, A. J.;  Rowland, J. C.;  Tornqvist, T. E.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:42/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13

River deltas rank among the most economically and ecologically valuable environments on Earth. Even in the absence of sea-level rise, deltas are increasingly vulnerable to coastal hazards as declining sediment supply and climate change alter their sediment budget, affecting delta morphology and possibly leading to erosion(1-3). However, the relationship between deltaic sediment budgets, oceanographic forces of waves and tides, and delta morphology has remained poorly quantified. Here we show how the morphology of about 11,000 coastal deltas worldwide, ranging from small bayhead deltas to mega-deltas, has been affected by river damming and deforestation. We introduce a model that shows that present-day delta morphology varies across a continuum between wave (about 80 per cent), tide (around 10 per cent) and river (about 10 per cent) dominance, but that most large deltas are tide- and river-dominated. Over the past 30 years, despite sea-level rise, deltas globally have experienced a net land gain of 54 +/- 12 square kilometres per year (2 standard deviations), with the largest 1 per cent of deltas being responsible for 30 per cent of all net land area gains. Humans are a considerable driver of these net land gains-25 per cent of delta growth can be attributed to deforestation-induced increases in fluvial sediment supply. Yet for nearly 1,000 deltas, river damming(4) has resulted in a severe (more than 50 per cent) reduction in anthropogenic sediment flux, forcing a collective loss of 12 +/- 3.5 square kilometres per year (2 standard deviations) of deltaic land. Not all deltas lose land in response to river damming: deltas transitioning towards tide dominance are currently gaining land, probably through channel infilling. With expected accelerated sea-level rise(5), however, recent land gains are unlikely to be sustained throughout the twenty-first century. Understanding the redistribution of sediments by waves and tides will be critical for successfully predicting human-driven change to deltas, both locally and globally.


A global study of river deltas shows a net increase in delta area by about 54 km(2) yr(-1) over the past 30 years, in part due to deforestation-induced sediment delivery increase.


  
Land-use history impacts functional diversity across multiple trophic groups 期刊论文
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2020, 117 (3) : 1573-1579
作者:  Le Provost, Gaetane;  Badenhausser, Isabelle;  Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann;  Clough, Yann;  Henckel, Laura;  Violle, Cyrille;  Bretagnolle, Vincent;  Roncoroni, Marilyn;  Manning, Peter;  Gross, Nicolas
收藏  |  浏览/下载:22/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13
agricultural ecosystems  biodiversity loss  functional diversity  grasslands  land-use changes  
Coastal Louisiana landscape and storm surge evolution: 1850-2110 期刊论文
CLIMATIC CHANGE, 2019, 157 (3-4) : 445-468
作者:  Siverd, Christopher G.;  Hagen, Scott C.;  Bilskie, Matthew V.;  Braud, DeWitt H.;  Peele, R. Hampton;  Foster-Martinez, Madeline R.;  Twilley, Robert R.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:34/0  |  提交时间:2020/02/17
Wetland loss  Land water ratio  ADCIRC  Coastal flood risk  Hydrologic unit code  Storm surge  
Land-sparing agriculture sustains higher levels of avian functional diversity than land sharing 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2019, 25 (5) : 1576-1590
作者:  Cannon, Patrick G.;  Gilroy, James J.;  Tobias, Joseph A.;  Anderson, Alex;  Haugaasen, Torbjorn;  Edwards, David P.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:24/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/26
agroecosystems  conversion  defaunation  ecosystem function  habitat loss  land-use planning  
Synergistic effects of climate and land-use change influence broad-scale avian population declines 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2019, 25 (5) : 1561-1575
作者:  Northrup, Joseph M.;  Rivers, James W.;  Yang, Zhiqiang;  Betts, Matthew G.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/26
Bayesian hierarchical model  Breeding Bird Survey  climate change  habitat loss  land-use change  synergistic effects  
Effective moratoria on land acquisitions reduce tropical deforestation: evidence from Indonesia 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2019, 14 (4)
作者:  Chen, Bin;  Kennedy, Christina M.;  Xu, Bing
收藏  |  浏览/下载:18/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/26
land concessions  forest loss  policy-driven moratorium  Indonesia  
Forest-Induced Exponential Growth of Precipitation Along Climatological Wind Streamlines Over the Amazon 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2019, 124 (5) : 2589-2599
作者:  Molina, Ruben D.;  Fernando Salazar, Juan;  Alejandro Martinez, J.;  Camilo Villegas, Juan;  Arias, Paola A.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/26
Amazon forests  precipitation recycling  atmospheric moisture transport  land-atmosphere interactions  forest loss  critical threshold  
Declining population trends of European mountain birds 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2019, 25 (2) : 577-588
作者:  Lehikoinen, Aleksi;  Brotons, Lluis;  Calladine, John;  Campedelli, Tommaso;  Escandell, Virginia;  Flousek, Jiri;  Grueneberg, Christoph;  Haas, Fredrik;  Harris, Sarah;  Herrando, Sergi;  Husby, Magne;  Jiguet, Frederic;  Kalas, John Atle;  Lindstrom, Ake;  Lorrilliere, Romain;  Molina, Blas;  Pladevall, Clara;  Calvi, Gianpiero;  Sattler, Thomas;  Schmid, Hans;  Sirkiae, Paeivi M.;  Teufelbauer, Norbert;  Trautmann, Sven
收藏  |  浏览/下载:24/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
afforestation  agriculture  alpine habitat  common bird monitoring  global warming  land use changes  loss of biodiversity  mountains  population trend  upland  
Multiple-scale approach for evaluating the occupation of stingless bees in Atlantic forest patches 期刊论文
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 2018, 430: 509-516
作者:  Arena, Mariana V. N.;  Martines, Marcos R.;  da Silva, Tiago N.;  Destefani, Fabio C.;  Mascotti, Julio C. S.;  Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C. M.;  Toppa, Rogerio H.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:14/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Meliponini  Land cover  Habitat loss  Artificial shelters  Spatial analysis  Scaptotrigona