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更智慧的粮农政策有助于亚洲地区经济复苏与人民健康 快报文章
资源环境快报,2021年第5期
作者:  李恒吉
Microsoft Word(14Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:462/0  |  提交时间:2021/03/15
Food and Agriculture Policy  Asia  Economic recovery  The people's health  
Children drinking private well water have higher blood lead than those with city water 期刊论文
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2020, 117 (29) : 16898-16907
作者:  Gibson, Jacqueline MacDonald;  Fisher, Michael;  Clonch, Allison;  MacDonald, John M.;  Cook, Philip J.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:65/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/09
drinking water  private well  children'  s health  lead exposure  blood lead  
Exploring sources of uncertainty in premature mortality estimates from fine particulate matter: the case of China 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2020, 15 (6)
作者:  Giani, Paolo;  Anav, Alessandro;  De Marco, Alessandra;  Feng, Zhaozhong;  Crippa, Paola
收藏  |  浏览/下载:22/0  |  提交时间:2020/08/18
WRF-Chem  health impact assessment  particulate matter exposure  China'  s air quality  uncertainty quantification  Monte Carlo  
Childhood vaccines and antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 581 (7806) : 94-+
作者:  Louca, Stilianos;  Pennell, Matthew W.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:29/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Vaccines may reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance, in part by preventing infections for which treatment often includes the use of antibiotics(1-4). However, the effects of vaccination on antibiotic consumption remain poorly understood-especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the burden of antimicrobial resistance is greatest(5). Here we show that vaccines that have recently been implemented in the World Health Organization'  s Expanded Programme on Immunization reduce antibiotic consumption substantially among children under five years of age in LMICs. By analysing data from large-scale studies of households, we estimate that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and live attenuated rotavirus vaccines confer 19.7% (95% confidence interval, 3.4-43.4%) and 11.4% (4.0-18.6%) protection against antibiotic-treated episodes of acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea, respectively, in age groups that experience the greatest disease burden attributable to the vaccine-targeted pathogens(6,7). Under current coverage levels, pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines prevent 23.8 million and 13.6 million episodes of antibiotic-treated illness, respectively, among children under five years of age in LMICs each year. Direct protection resulting from the achievement of universal coverage targets for these vaccines could prevent an additional 40.0 million episodes of antibiotic-treated illness. This evidence supports the prioritization of vaccines within the global strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance(8).


Pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines have reduced antibiotic consumption substantially among children under five years old in low- and middle-income countries  however, this effect could be doubled if all countries were to implement vaccination programmes and meet universal vaccine coverage targets.


  
COVID-19 digital apps need due diligence 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7805) : 563-563
作者:  Yang, Ye;  Jobin, Christian
收藏  |  浏览/下载:15/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Governments see coronavirus apps as key to releasing lockdowns. In exchange for people'  s health data, they must promise to work together to develop the highest standards of safety and efficacy.


Governments see coronavirus apps as key to releasing lockdowns. In exchange for people'  s health data, they must promise to work together to develop the highest standards of safety and efficacy.


  
A plant genetic network for preventing dysbiosis in the phyllosphere 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7805) : 653-+
作者:  van den Brink, Susanne C.;  Alemany, Anna;  van Batenburg, Vincent;  Moris, Naomi;  Blotenburg, Marloes;  Vivie, Judith;  Baillie-Johnson, Peter;  Nichols, Jennifer;  Sonnen, Katharina F.;  Martinez Arias, Alfonso;  van Oudenaarden, Alexander
收藏  |  浏览/下载:76/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Mutations in genes involved in immune signalling and vesicle trafficking cause defects in the leaf microbiome of Arabidopsis thaliana that result in damage to leaf tissues, suggesting mechanisms by which terrestrial plants control the level and diversity of endophytic phyllosphere microbiota.


The aboveground parts of terrestrial plants, collectively called the phyllosphere, have a key role in the global balance of atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen. The phyllosphere represents one of the most abundant habitats for microbiota colonization. Whether and how plants control phyllosphere microbiota to ensure plant health is not well understood. Here we show that the Arabidopsis quadruple mutant (min7 fls2 efr cerk1  hereafter, mfec)(1), simultaneously defective in pattern-triggered immunity and the MIN7 vesicle-trafficking pathway, or a constitutively activated cell death1 (cad1) mutant, carrying a S205F mutation in a membrane-attack-complex/perforin (MACPF)-domain protein, harbour altered endophytic phyllosphere microbiota and display leaf-tissue damage associated with dysbiosis. The Shannon diversity index and the relative abundance of Firmicutes were markedly reduced, whereas Proteobacteria were enriched in the mfec and cad1(S205F) mutants, bearing cross-kingdom resemblance to some aspects of the dysbiosis that occurs in human inflammatory bowel disease. Bacterial community transplantation experiments demonstrated a causal role of a properly assembled leaf bacterial community in phyllosphere health. Pattern-triggered immune signalling, MIN7 and CAD1 are found in major land plant lineages and are probably key components of a genetic network through which terrestrial plants control the level and nurture the diversity of endophytic phyllosphere microbiota for survival and health in a microorganism-rich environment.


  
Premature mortality related to United States cross-state air pollution 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 578 (7794) : 261-+
作者:  Helmink, Beth A.;  Reddy, Sangeetha M.;  Gao, Jianjun;  Zhang, Shaojun;  Basar, Rafet;  Thakur, Rohit;  Yizhak, Keren;  Sade-Feldman, Moshe;  Blando, Jorge;  Han, Guangchun;  Gopalakrishnan, Vancheswaran;  Xi, Yuanxin;  Zhao, Hao;  Amaria, Rodabe N.;  Tawbi, Hussein A.;  Cogdill, Alex P.;  Liu, Wenbin;  LeBleu, Valerie S.;  Kugeratski, Fernanda G.;  Patel, Sapna;  Davies, Michael A.;  Hwu, Patrick;  Lee, Jeffrey E.;  Gershenwald, Jeffrey E.;  Lucci, Anthony;  Arora, Reetakshi;  Woodman, Scott;  Keung, Emily Z.;  Gaudreau, Pierre-Olivier;  Reuben, Alexandre;  Spencer, Christine N.;  Burton, Elizabeth M.;  Haydu, Lauren E.;  Lazar, Alexander J.;  Zapassodi, Roberta;  Hudgens, Courtney W.;  Ledesma, Deborah A.;  Ong, SuFey;  Bailey, Michael;  Warren, Sarah;  Rao, Disha;  Krijgsman, Oscar;  Rozeman, Elisa A.;  Peeper, Daniel;  Blank, Christian U.;  Schumacher, Ton N.;  Butterfield, Lisa H.;  Zelazowska, Monika A.;  McBride, Kevin M.;  Kalluri, Raghu;  Allison, James;  Petitprez, Florent;  Fridman, Wolf Herman;  Sautes-Fridman, Catherine;  Hacohen, Nir;  Rezvani, Katayoun;  Sharma, Padmanee;  Tetzlaff, Michael T.;  Wang, Linghua;  Wargo, Jennifer A.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:71/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13

Outdoor air pollution adversely affects human health and is estimated to be responsible for five to ten per cent of the total annual premature mortality in the contiguous United States(1-3). Combustion emissions from a variety of sources, such as power generation or road traffic, make a large contribution to harmful air pollutants such as ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)(4). Efforts to mitigate air pollution have focused mainly on the relationship between local emission sources and local air quality(2). Air quality can also be affected by distant emission sources, however, including emissions from neighbouring federal states(5,6). This cross-state exchange of pollution poses additional regulatory challenges. Here we quantify the exchange of air pollution among the contiguous United States, and assess its impact on premature mortality that is linked to increased human exposure to PM2.5 and ozone from seven emission sectors for 2005 to 2018. On average, we find that 41 to 53 per cent of air-quality-related premature mortality resulting from a state'  s emissions occurs outside that state. We also find variations in the cross-state contributions of different emission sectors and chemical species to premature mortality, and changes in these variations over time. Emissions from electric power generation have the greatest cross-state impacts as a fraction of their total impacts, whereas commercial/residential emissions have the smallest. However, reductions in emissions from electric power generation since 2005 have meant that, by 2018, cross-state premature mortality associated with the commercial/residential sector was twice that associated with power generation. In terms of the chemical species emitted, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions caused the most cross-state premature deaths in 2005, but by 2018 primary PM2.5 emissions led to cross-state premature deaths equal to three times those associated with sulfur dioxide emissions. These reported shifts in emission sectors and emission species that contribute to premature mortality may help to guide improvements to air quality in the contiguous United States.


  
What are the drivers of and barriers to children's direct experiences of nature? 期刊论文
LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING, 2018, 180: 114-120
作者:  Soga, Masashi;  Yamanoi, Takahiro;  Tsuchiya, Kazuaki;  Koyanagi, Tomoyo F.;  Kanai, Tadashi
收藏  |  浏览/下载:26/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Children'  s direct engagement with nature  Environmental education  Health and wellbeing  Japan  Neighbourhood greenspace  Recreation  
2-day Comprehensive GC Hardware Training (Shimadzu GC) 会议
Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, 会议类型: Course, 2017